By: Aashay Edwin Maghi (CPT)
Image: Freepik
Image: Freepik
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age, causing irregular periods and high androgen levels. It often starts during adolescence and may lead to fertility challenges if left undiagnosed.
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PCOS affects about 10 % of women of childbearing age worldwide, though many cases remain undiagnosed. Awareness is rising, but the true prevalence may be higher due to varied diagnostic criteria.
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In PCOS, ovaries produce excess androgens (“male” hormones), disrupting ovulation and menstrual cycles. High insulin levels also drive androgen production, linking PCOS to insulin resistance.
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Small, fluid‑filled sacs called follicles can cluster on ovaries, appearing as cysts on ultrasound. These “polycystic” ovaries may fail to release eggs regularly, causing menstrual irregularities.
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Women with PCOS often have missed or infrequent periods, making tracking ovulation difficult. Some may also experience very heavy or prolonged bleeding when cycles occur.
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Excess facial or body hair, acne, and weight gain are common symptoms due to high androgen levels. Many also report fatigue, mood swings, and difficulty losing weight despite healthy habits.
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Up to 70 % of women with PCOS have insulin resistance, increasing type 2 diabetes risk. This metabolic feature can also lead to high blood pressure and elevated cholesterol over time.
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PCOS is a leading cause of anovulatory infertility, affecting up to 70 % of cases. Despite this, many women with PCOS do conceive naturally or with fertility treatments when diagnosed early.
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Without management, PCOS can raise risks of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and endometrial cancer. Mental health impacts like anxiety and depression are also common and should not be overlooked.
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Early PCOS diagnosis allows lifestyle changes and treatments to restore ovulation and reduce health risks. If you suspect PCOS - due to irregular periods or other signs, see your doctor for testing and personalized care.
By: Aashay Edwin Maghi (CPT)
Image: Freepik