It’s a question that puzzles many. From biology to behavior, several factors play a role. Here are 10 evidence-based facts that explain why men, on average, have shorter lifespans than women.

Men are more likely to engage in risky behaviors like reckless driving, heavy drinking, and extreme sports. These habits increase their chances of accidents, injuries, and early death compared to women.

Heart disease is the leading cause of death for men in the U.S. It tends to strike men earlier in life than women, often without warning, leading to fatal heart attacks or strokes.

Men are far less likely to go for regular checkups or report symptoms early. Delayed care often leads to late diagnoses of conditions that could have been managed or treated earlier.

Estrogen, a hormone found in higher levels in women, offers heart and immune protection. Men lack this natural shield, which may contribute to their higher risk of chronic illnesses earlier in life.

Although women report more depression, men are four times more likely to die by suicide in the U.S. Men often avoid seeking mental health help due to social stigma or emotional suppression.

Research shows that men generally have weaker immune systems than women. This makes them more vulnerable to infections and illnesses, which can contribute to shorter life expectancy.